Network Topology
Visualizing how packets traverse Autonomous Systems (AS) via BGP. Understanding the mesh nature of the global internet.
TCP 3-Way Handshake
Client
SYN
SYN-ACK
ACK
Server
Common Ports Registry
SSH
22
Secure Shell
DNS
53
UDP/TCP Lookup
HTTP
80
Web Traffic
HTTPS
443
TLS / QUIC
FTP
21
File Transfer
RDP
3389
Remote Desk
Chain of Trust
Root CA
ISRG Root X1
Self-Signed
Intermediate
R10 / R11
Signed by Root
Leaf Certificate
*.domain.com
Your Domain
IPv4 vs IPv6 Address Space
IPv4 (32-bit)
Exhausted
4.3 Billion Addresses
100% Used
IPv6 (128-bit)
Infinite
3.4 × 10³⁸ Addresses
~0% Used
Example: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
HTTP/3
UDP
QUIC Protocol
Multiplexed connections over UDP. Eliminates Head-of-Line blocking found in TCP. Essential for low-latency modern web applications.
Handshake Latency
0-RTT / 1-RTT
Packet Loss Recovery
Stream Independant